{"id":1432,"date":"2022-12-23T18:32:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T18:32:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/?p=1432"},"modified":"2023-01-28T16:02:09","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T16:02:09","slug":"distillation-tower","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/distillation-tower\/","title":{"rendered":"Dam\u0131tma Kulesi"},"content":{"rendered":"
dam\u0131tma kulesi<\/strong>
\nDam\u0131tma, ay\u0131rman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ve en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerinden biridir ve bile\u015fenlerin iki s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz faz\u0131 aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda dam\u0131tma, kaynama noktalar\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 malzemeleri birbirinden ay\u0131rman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yollar\u0131ndan biridir. Dam\u0131tma, nesnelerin kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in fiziksel bir i\u015flemdir.<\/div>\n
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Genel olarak, dam\u0131tma kulesi d\u00f6rt ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur:
\n1. Kule
\n2.Kazan
\n3. Kondansat\u00f6r
\n4.Yard\u0131mc\u0131 ekipman \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: \u00e7e\u015fitli kontrol sistemleri, ara \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6rleri, pompalar ve \u00fcr\u00fcn toplama tanklar\u0131.Kule
\nGenel olarak, end\u00fcstride dam\u0131tma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kuleler iki temel kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:
\n1.tepsi Kuleleri
\n2.Paket KulelerKasetli kuleler i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lan tepsi tiplerine g\u00f6re 4 kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:
\n1.Jet Tepsi Kuleleri
\n2.Elek Tepsi Kuleleri
\n3.Bubble Cap Kuleleri
\n4.Valf Tepsi KuleleriBir tepsi kulesinin i\u015fleyi\u015fi
\nGenel olarak bir tepsi kulesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen i\u015flem, malzemenin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, s\u00fcre\u00e7 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Is\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dam\u0131tma i\u015fleminde, bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin maddesinin dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kuleden y\u00fckselen buhar, kulenin tepesinden kulenin dibine do\u011fru hareket ederek tepsilerle do\u011frudan temasa neden olur. Bu temas, tepsi \u00fczerindeki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine ve sonunda s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabarc\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur. S\u0131v\u0131 kabarc\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, u\u00e7ucu madde (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131na veya daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca sahip bir madde) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin bir buhar olan ilk buhar par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00fcretilir. Buhar faz\u0131nda ise kaynama noktas\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan malzemeler s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fmaya maruz kal\u0131r ve s\u0131v\u0131 fazda kulenin dibine do\u011fru hareket eder. Bir kulenin en \u00f6nemli i\u015flevi, buhar ve s\u0131v\u0131 fazlar aras\u0131nda uygun bir temas noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Temas seviyesi ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, ay\u0131rma performans\u0131 o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. Tabii tepsideki s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f rejimi de bir kulenin performans\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir.<\/div>\n
Dolu Kuleler<\/strong>
\n\u2013 Dolgu ad\u0131 verilen par\u00e7alar i\u00e7erir.
\n\u2013\u00a0S\u0131v\u0131 faz \u00fcstten ve buhar alttan kuleye akar.
\n\u2013 Adsorpsiyon ve distilasyon i\u015flemlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n\u2013 Kuleler d\u00fczenli ve d\u00fczensiz olmak \u00fczere iki \u015fekilde doldurulur.
\n\u2013 Daha fazla bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek verimlilik
\n\u2013 Ay\u0131rma oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131n
\n\u2013 belirli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te tepsi kulelerinden daha k\u0131sa y\u00fckseltme<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n

Kazan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Genellikle kulenin u\u00e7lar\u0131na ve yan\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen kazanlar, dam\u0131tma i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 veya enerji sa\u011flamaktan sorumludur. kaynat\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle bir dam\u0131tma denge a\u015famas\u0131 olarak kabul edilir ve tepsi kulelerinde tepsiler olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

kondansat\u00f6r<\/strong>
\nKondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn rol\u00fc asl\u0131nda kombine \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemden \u00e7\u0131kan buharlar\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir. Genel olarak, kondansat\u00f6rler iki temel kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:
\n1.Toplam Kondenser
\n2. K\u0131smi kondansat\u00f6r<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Kulenin \u00fczerindeki buhar\u0131n tamam\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kuleye di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise toplama tank\u0131na girerse toplam yo\u011fu\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ancak buharlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise kondenserden buhar \u015feklinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yorsa buna k\u0131smi kondenser denir. Referans kitaplar\u0131nda, kondenser \u0131s\u0131 transfer katsay\u0131lar\u0131na sahip kondenser tipini se\u00e7me k\u0131lavuzu sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.
\nBeslemek<\/strong><\/div>\n
\n

S\u0131v\u0131, gaz veya s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olabilen kuleye giri\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir beslemedir. Genellikle besleme yeri kulede \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f belirli bir noktadad\u0131r. Tepsi kulelerinde besleme alan\u0131 besleme tepsisi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Yemek tepsisinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ba\u011f\u0131l bile\u015fim (molar fraksiyon) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan istenen bile\u015feni yemle e\u015fle\u015ftirmektir. Yem Giri\u015fi, tabii ki yemin fiziksel durumuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle, yem s\u0131v\u0131 ise, yem tepsisine tepsinin \u00fcst\u00fcnden akan s\u0131v\u0131 ile birlikte girer. Yem buhar ise genellikle alt yem tepsisinden girer. Besleme s\u0131v\u0131 ve buhar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ysa, \u00f6nce s\u0131v\u0131 faz ile buhar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi beslemenin kuleye girilmesi tavsiye edilir. Ancak pratikte, buhar ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n iki faz\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rma maliyetinden tasarruf etmek i\u00e7in ay\u0131rma i\u015flemi nadiren yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dam\u0131tma kulesinin ana bile\u015fenleri:<\/strong>\u00a0Nozul:\u00a0Giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f borular\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimi, dam\u0131tma kulesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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toplam geri ak\u0131\u015f:\u00a0Geri ak\u0131\u015f tank\u0131, so\u011futulmu\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnleri dam\u0131tma kulesinin \u00fczerinde toplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn, s\u0131v\u0131 geri ak\u0131\u015f rezervuar\u0131na veya s\u0131v\u0131 ve buhar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na girer. K\u0131smi kondansat\u00f6r buhar ve s\u0131v\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise. Kondenser Toplam Kondenser ise \u00fcr\u00fcn rezervuara s\u0131v\u0131 olarak verilir. Geri ak\u0131\u015f rezervuar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geri ak\u0131\u015f veya geri ak\u0131\u015f olarak kuleye geri d\u00f6ner T\u00fcm s\u0131v\u0131 kuleye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Ve kulenin tepesinden \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toplam geri ak\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar:\u00a0Ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli fazlar\u0131 ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genel olarak s\u0131v\u0131 fazlar\u0131 ay\u0131rmada temel fakt\u00f6r, malzemelerin yo\u011funluk fark\u0131d\u0131r. Yeniden kaynat\u0131c\u0131<\/strong>:\u00a0Ekipman, dam\u0131tma kulesi taban\u0131nda buhar ve \u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yeniden olu\u015fturucular \u00e7o\u011funlukla kabuk ve borulu de\u011fi\u015ftiricilerdir. Distilasyon kolonunun sonundaki s\u0131v\u0131 riboiler i\u00e7inde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak buhar \u015feklinde kuleye \u00e7evrilir. Aray\u00fcz maddesi olarak su buhar\u0131, gaz ve di\u011fer s\u0131v\u0131lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pompa<\/strong>:\u00a0Pompalar, y\u00fcksek rak\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 transferi ve y\u00fcksek viskoziteli s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sayede ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n transferi i\u00e7in \u00fcnitenin farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda pompalar kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dam\u0131tma kulesi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong>
\nRafineri \u00fcr\u00fcnleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla hafiften a\u011f\u0131ra do\u011fru s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
\n\u2022\u00a0 s\u0131v\u0131 gaz
\n\u2022 Benzin
\n\u2022\u00a0\u00a0nafta
\n\u2022\u00a0 Kerosen ve ilgili jet yak\u0131tlar\u0131
\n\u2022\u00a0 dizel
\n\u2022 Akaryak\u0131t
\n\u2022\u00a0petrol ya\u011flar\u0131
\n\u2022\u00a0 Parafin mumu
\n\u2022\u00a0 asfalt ve bit\u00fcm
\n\u2022\u00a0 Petrol koku
\n\u2022 K\u00fck\u00fcrt<\/p>\n

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\u015firket hakk\u0131nda<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Dam\u0131tma kulelerinin in\u015fas\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llara dayanan deneyime sahip pishgam palayesh force \u015firketi, en y\u00fcksek kalitede uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygun olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli dam\u0131tma kuleleri in\u015fa etme potansiyeline sahiptir.\u2022 Kuleler, geni\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mevcuttur; karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi, paslanmaz \u00e7elik, dubleks, inconel, molibden krem, monel vb. gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli standartlara dayal\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli malzemeler:
\nASME ,\u00a0 PD5500 , AD_Merkblatt , UBC , ANSI , API , IPS ,\u2026 Tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.\u2022 Bu \u015firkette kullan\u0131lan sayfalar SA516-GR70, SS316 ve \u2026’dir.
\n\u2022 pishgam palayesh force \u015firketi Ferres, kabarc\u0131kl\u0131 kap tepsileri, valf tepsileri ve elek tepsileri yapma yetene\u011fine sahiptir. \u015eirket, sa\u011fl\u0131k, kozmetik, kimya, ila\u00e7, petrol ve petrokimya dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriler i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli malzemelerden \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde tepsiler ve dam\u0131tma kuleleri ile birlikte \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde agregalar in\u015fa edebilir.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

dam\u0131tma kulesi Dam\u0131tma, ay\u0131rman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ve en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerinden biridir ve bile\u015fenlerin iki s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz faz\u0131 aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda dam\u0131tma, kaynama noktalar\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 malzemeleri birbirinden ay\u0131rman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yollar\u0131ndan biridir. Dam\u0131tma, nesnelerin kaynama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in fiziksel bir i\u015flemdir. Genel olarak, dam\u0131tma kulesi d\u00f6rt ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur: 1. Kule […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1639,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-equipment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1432"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petrounique.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}